July 28, 2011

Rare Birds in Japan during Focus On Nature Tours



Flying Japanese Crane, or "Tancho", 



CRITICALLY THREATENED:
Siberian Crane  Kyushu  (during FONT winter tours in 1997, 2000, 2001,& 2004)
Grus leucogeranus



The Siberian Crane is a rarity in Japan. On occasion (as during the 4 years noted above), a single individual winters at Arasaki, on the southern Japanese island of Kyushu, with the combined approximately 10,000 Hooded & White-naped Cranes.
The Siberian Crane is now classified as "critical" because it is expected to undergo an extremely rapid decline in the near future, primarily as a result of the destruction and degradation of wetlands in the areas of its migration and wintering grounds. The wintering site, holding 95% of the population, in China, is threatened by changes that will come about with the Three Gorges Dam project. 
The total population of the species is between 2,500 & 3,000, making it, at this time, the 3rd rarest crane in the world.


  
A Siberian Crane with White-naped Cranes in Kyushu,  Japan


The Siberian Crane is a large, white bird with black on its wings, is (as noted above), at this time, the third rarest crane in the world (after theWhooping and the Red-crowned Cranes).
It is probably, at this time, the most threatened of the world's cranes.

Until just over 20 years ago, in 1981, the Siberian Crane was believed to be even more rare, and endangered. It was in that year that about 800 birds were discovered to be wintering at Lake Poyan, China's largest freshwater lake, along the Yangtze River. With that, the known population nearly doubled. Subsequent field surveys showed the total population of the species to be from 2,500 to 3,000 birds.

Still the outlook for the species is precarious. According to the crane specialist, George Archibald, "from the tundra to the subtropics, few endangered species involve so many complex problems in so many countries as does the Siberian Crane".

There are 3 populations of Siberian Cranes. All but a few of the maybe 3,000 birds belong to the eastern population, which breeds in northeastern Siberia, and winters along the Yangtze River in China.

Another very small central population breeds in the lower basin of the Kunovat River in western Siberia, and winters in the Indian state of Rajaasthan (most regularly in the Keoladeo National Park). When this population was observed at its wintering grounds in 1992-93, it included just 5 birds. Only 4 birds were observed at the Kunovat breeding grounds in 1995.

The western population (also very small and threatened), which apparently held at 8 to 14 birds in the late 1980's and early 1990's, has wintered at a single site along the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in Iran. The exact location of the breeding grounds of that population is unknown, but it's thought to be in the extreme northern portion of European Russia.
Thus, 2 populations of this species are extremely vulnerable (on the verge of extinction). These populations have continually declined from just over 100 birds in the 1960's (when they were discovered).
The Siberian Cranes that have occurred in Japan as vagrants have been wanderers, on occasion, from the larger eastern population of the species that normally winters in China.
Actually, in the past, the Siberian Crane was a common winter visitor in Japan on Kyushu prior to the Mejii Era. Throughout the 20th Century, it became an accidental, but there were some occurrences from Hokkaido south to Okinawa. Most in Japan, however, continued to be on Kyushu. Interestingly, there were single birds in Hokkaido in Oct-Dec 1977 and May-Sep 1985. The latter was a summering bird in the Kushiro district, where the resident Japanese population of Red-crowned Cranes reside.

Where Siberian Cranes breed, huge distances separate nesting pairs. Within each 1000 square kilometers in the breeding range, there are only 1 or 2 pairs of cranes.
The Siberian is the most aquatic of all cranes, exclusively using wetlands for nesting, feeding, and roosting. The nests are in bogs and marshes. In migration and in wintering areas, the bird prefers to feed and roost in shallow wetlands. Preferred foods are roots, sprouts, and stems of sedges and other aquatic plants. It seldom forages above the water line.  



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Japanese Garden


Clingendael Park Japanese Garden reopens


The magnificent Japanese Garden in Clingendael Park reopens to the public on 30 April 2010. The garden is open daily from 9.00 to 20.00 hrs. until 13 June 2010. Admission is free.
 
The Japanese Garden was created in the beginning of the 20th century by the former owner of the country estate of Clingendael, Marguérite M. Baroness van Brienen (1871-1939), also called Lady Daisy. Lady Daisy sailed off a number of times by ship to Japan and brought back to the Netherlands a number of lanterns, a water cask, sculptures, the pavilion, the little bridges and several plants.

The original design with the serene pond, meandering brook and the winding pathways has remained intact all these years.
The Municipality of The Hague has always taken great care of the Japanese Garden because of its uniqueness and tremendous historical value. The garden was placed on the list of national historical monuments in 2001. Due to its fragility, the garden can be visited only during a short period of the year.


Free information, a map of the garden and a walking route through the garden are available at the entrance to the garden. You can also request permission to take wedding photos in the Japanese Garden.

Wheelchairs can enter the garden via the Sterrebos entrance.

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Japanese beetle

Japanese beetle

The beetle species Popillia japonica is commonly known as the Japanese beetle. It is about 15 millimetres (0.6 in) long and 10 millimetres (0.4 in) wide, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan, where it is controlled by natural predators, but in America it is a serious pest of about 200 species of plants, including rose bushes,grapeshopscannacrape myrtles, and others.
It is a clumsy flier, dropping several centimeters when it hits a wall. Japanese beetle traps therefore consist of a pair of crossed walls with a bag underneath, and are baited with floral scent,pheromone, or both. However, studies done at the University of Kentucky suggest traps attract more beetles than they actually trap, thus causing more damage along the flight path of the beetles and in the vicinity of the trap than may have occurred if the trap were not present.
These insects damage plants by skeletonizing the foliage, that is, consuming only the leaf material between the veins.

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Nissan X-Trail

The Nissan X-Trail is a compact crossover SUV produced by the Japanese automaker Nissan since 2001. It was one of Nissan's first crossover SUVs and was released about the same time as several other companies competing car-based compact SUVs including the Ford Escape and itsMazda Tribute sibling, the Hyundai Tucson, Honda CR-V and the Toyota RAV4.
The X-Trail is positioned below the truck-based Xterra and Pathfinder. The X-Trail was never offered by dealerships in the US. The first generation was available in Canada until it was replaced by the Rogue. However, both the Rogue and X-Trail are sold in Mexico. The Rogue shares the same platform as the second-generation X-Trail and is very similar to the Qashqai. The company currently offers a hydrogen fuel cell model named the X-Trail FCV on lease to businesses.
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Japanese people

Japanese people
The Japanese people (日本人 Nihonjin, Nipponjin) are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group ofJapan.[1][2][3][4][5] Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries are referred to as nikkeijin (日系人). The term "Japanese people" may also be used in some contexts to refer to a locus of ethnic groups including the YamatoAinu and Ryukyuan people.

Language

The Japanese language is a Japonic language that is sometimes treated as a language isolate; it is also related to the Ryukyuan languages, and both are suggested to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. The Japanese language has a tripartite writing system using HiraganaKatakana, and Kanji. Domestic Japanese people use primarily Japanese for daily interaction. The adult literacy rate in Japan exceeds 99%.

Religion


Japanese religion has traditionally been syncretic in nature, combining elements of Buddhism and Shinto. Shinto, a polytheistic religion with no book of religious canon, is Japan's native religion. Shinto was one of the traditional grounds for the right to the throne of the Japanese imperial family, and was codified as the state religion in 1868 (State Shinto was abolished by the American occupation in 1945). Mahayana Buddhism came to Japan in the sixth century and evolved into many different sects. Today the largest form of Buddhism among Japanese people is the Jōdo Shinshū sect founded by Shinran.
Most Japanese people (84% to 96%) profess to believe in both Shinto and Buddhism. The Japanese people's religion functions mostly as a foundation formythologytraditions, and neighborhood activities, rather than as the single source of moral guidelines for one's life.



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Meet Japan's First Western Geisha



THE ELEGANT WOMAN in the pink silk kimono attracts admiring glances from be-suited businessmen and elderly Japanese women as she walks through the narrow, tourist-choked streets leading to Tokyo's Sensoji Temple. The locals here in the old district of Asakusa know a real geisha when they spot one — even if she is a tall Westerner with olive-green eyes. From her rounded bun hairstyle to her pigeon-toed tabi socks, Sayuki, otherwise known as anthropologist Fiona Graham, is decked out so immaculately in true geisha style that her admirers utter the same compliment as she passes by: kirei desu ne — she's beautiful.


Sayuki denies she's a flawless example of Japan's ancient flower and willow world. "Being a geisha takes a lifetime to perfect," she deflects, as she clacks along in lacquer sandals that she wears slightly too small to make her size-8 feet look more petite. Sayuki, who was born in Melbourne, Australia, became the first foreign woman in the notoriously closed profession's 400-year history to formally debut as a geisha two years ago, in late 2007. "I've only just begun," she says. "To many of my geisha sisters, I'm still a walking disaster."


It's all relative. Near Sensoji's majestic red gateway, gaggles of female Japanese tourists are clad in flowery kimonos — a new retro fashion trend. Sacrilegiously, they've added lace and frills to the fabric and wear garish costume jewelry. "Also, they don't wear underwear. The geisha elders are scandalized," laughs Sayuki, with only a faint Aussie twang in her girlish voice. "I'm wearing four layers of lingerie under my kimono, so at least I've got that right." Flaunting womanly curves is considered vulgar in the refined geisha realm; the layered undergarments, resembling silk bandages, ensure a tubular, demure silhouette.


"Geisha are full-time working artists, not sex objects," says Sayuki, apparently eager to dispel the popular myth that geisha are prostitutes or subservient, glorified waitresses. As highly skilled practitioners of traditional Japanese music and dance, she says, their role is to provide classical entertainment to rich and powerful Japanese men. The profession originated in the 17th century in response to male demand for cultured female company. According to Confucian custom, most marriages were loveless affairs arranged purely to produce heirs. While licensed courtesans existed to meet men's sexual needs, geisha carved out a separate niche as artists and erudite female companions. Their clients today include politicians, businessmen, and celebrities, who each pay an average of $400 per hour to attend private banquets and relax in an atmosphere of nostalgic beauty. "An experienced geisha can converse knowledgeably on any subject of interest to her clients, from international trade relations to domestic political intrigue, and she'll never reveal what was said," says Sayuki.

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