CPU - Central Processing Unit
Pronounced as separate letters, CPU is the abbreviation for centralprocessing unit. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is the brains of the computerwhere most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.
On large machines, the CPU requires one or more printed circuit boards. Onpersonal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a singlechip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.
The CPU itself is an internal component of the computer. Modern CPUs are small and square and contain multiple metallic connectors or pins on the underside. The CPU is inserted directly into a CPU socket, pin side down, on the motherboard.
Each motherboard will support only a specific type (or range) of CPU, so you must check the motherboard manufacturer's specifications before attempting to replace or upgrade a CPU in your computer. Modern CPUs also have an attached heat sink and small fan that go directly on top of the CPU to help dissipate heat.
Two typical components of a CPU are the following:
- The arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations.
- The control unit (CU), which extracts instructions from memory and decodes and executes them, calling on the ALU when necessary.
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